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购买 хаах
  1. ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ C ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠦ ᠲᠣᠢᠮᠤ
    1. 1.1 C ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠳᠠᠯ
    2. 1.2 C ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠦ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ
    3. 1.3 ᠳᠥᠭᠦᠮ C ᠫᠷᠤᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ
    4. 1.4 C ᠫᠷᠤᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠱᠢᠨ᠎ᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠠᠯᠬᠤᠮ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ
    5. ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ
  2. ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ ᠫᠷᠤᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠣᠶᠤᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ
    1. 2.1 ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ
    2. 2.2 ᠳᠥᠭᠦᠮ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ
    3. 2.3 ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ
    4. 2.4 ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ
      1. 2.4.1 ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠠᠵᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ᠎ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ
      2. 2.4.2 ᠴᠤᠪᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ
      3. 2.4.3 ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠪᠥᠳᠦᠴᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠦ ᠴᠤᠪᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ
      4. 2.4.4 N-S ᠴᠤᠪᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ
      5. 2.4.5 ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠺᠣᠳ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ
      6. 2.4.6 ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠢᠦ᠋ᠲᠧᠷ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡ᠎ᠪᠡᠷ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ
    5. 2.5 ᠪᠥᠳᠦᠴᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠫᠷᠤᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠮ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ
    6. ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ
  3. ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯ
    1. 3.1 C᠎ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ
    2. 3.2 ᠪᠠᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ
      1. 3.2.1 ᠪᠠᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠳᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ
      2. 3.2.2 ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ
    3. 3.3 ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ
      1. 3.3.1 ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ
      2. 3.3.2 ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ
      3. 3.3.3 ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠯᠢ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ᠎ᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ
    4. 3.4 ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ
      1. 3.4.1 ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ
      2. 3.4.2 ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ
      3. 3.4.3 ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ᠎ᠦ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ
    5. 3.5 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ
      1. 3.5.1 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ
      2. 3.5.2 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ
      3. 3.5.3 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠎ᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ
      4. 3.5.4 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ᠎ᠦ ᠪᠠᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ
    6. 3.6 ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠳᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠬᠤ
    7. 3.7 ᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠥᠷᠦᠯ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠬᠣᠯᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ
    8. 3.8 ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯ
      1. 3.8.1 C᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ
      2. 3.8.2 ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯ
    9. 3.9 ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯ
    10. 3.10 ᠲᠠᠩ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠩ ᠴᠡᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯ
    11. ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ
  4. ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠳᠥᠭᠦᠮ C ᠫᠷᠤᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠮ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠫᠷᠤᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠮ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ
    1. 4.1 C ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ
    2. 4.2 ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ
    3. 4.3 ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠦ C ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠨ᠎ᠳᠦ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ
    4. 4.4 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ
      1. 4.4.1 putchar ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ (ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ)
      2. 4.4.2 getchar ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ (ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ)
    5. 4.5 ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ
      1. 4.5.1 printf ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ (ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ)
      2. 4.5.2 scanf ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ (ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ)
    6. 4.6 ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠫᠷᠦᠭᠷᠡᠮ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ
    7. ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ
  5. ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ ᠱᠢᠯᠢᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠥᠳᠦᠴᠡ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠫᠷᠤᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠮ ᠲᠥᠯᠦᠪᠯᠡᠬᠦ
    1. 5.1 ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯ
      1. 5.1.1 ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ᠎ᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ
      2. 5.1.2 ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯ
    2. 5.2 ᠯᠣᠭᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠯᠣᠬᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯ
      1. 5.2.1 ᠯᠣᠭᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ
      2. 5.2.2 ᠯᠣᠭᠢᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯ
    3. 5.3 if ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ
      1. 5.3.1 if ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ
      2. 5.3.2 if ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠱᠢᠭᠢᠳᠭᠡᠯ
      3. 5.3.3 ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ
    4. 5.4 switch ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ
    5. 5.5 ᠫᠷᠤᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ
    6. ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ
  6. ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠱᠢᠯ
    1. 6.1 ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ
    2. 6.2 goto ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ goto ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠳᠡ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ
    3. 6.3 while ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ
    4. 6.4 do-while ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ
    5. 6.5 for ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ
    6. 6.6 ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠳᠡ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠱᠢᠭᠢᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ
    7. 6.7 ᠬᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠳᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠳᠭᠠᠯ
    8. 6.8 break ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠠ continue ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ
      1. 6.8.1 break ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ
      2. 6.8.2 continue ᠥᠭᠦᠯᠡᠪᠦᠷᠢ
    9. 6.9 ᠫᠷᠦᠭᠷᠡᠮ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ
    10. ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ
  7. ᠳᠣᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ
    1. 7.1 ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠱᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ
      1. 7.1.1 ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ
      2. 7.1.2 ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ᠎ᠢ ᠡᠱᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ
      3. 7.1.3 ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ
      4. 7.1.4 ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠫᠷᠤᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ
    2. 7.2 ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠡᠱᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ
      1. 7.2.1 ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ
      2. 7.2.2 ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ᠎ᠢ ᠡᠱᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ
      3. 7.2.3 ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ
      4. 7.2.4 ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠫᠷᠤᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠢ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ
    3. 7.3 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ
      1. 7.3.1 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ
      2. 7.3.2 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ
      3. 7.3.3 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠡᠱᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ
      4. 7.3.4 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠬᠦᠰᠬᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ
      5. 7.3.5 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ
      6. 7.3.6 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠱᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ
      7. 7.3.7 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ
    4. ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ
  8. ᠨᠠᠢ᠍ᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ
    1. 8.1 ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ
    2. 8.2 ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠩ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ
    3. 8.3 ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ
      1. 8.3.1 ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ
      2. 8.3.2 ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ
    4. 8.4 ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ
      1. 8.4.1 ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠡᠷᠦ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ
      2. 8.4.2 ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ
      3. 8.4.3 ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠲᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ
    5. 8.5 ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠢ ᠱᠢᠭᠢᠳᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ
    6. 8.6 ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ
    7. 8.7 ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ
    8. 8.8 ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ
      1. 8.8.1 ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ
      2. 8.8.2 ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ
    9. 8.9 ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ
      1. 8.9.1 ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠦᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ
      2. 8.9.2 auto (ᠠᠦ᠋ᠲ᠋ᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ) ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ
      3. 8.9.3 static᠎ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ
      4. 8.9.4 register ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ
      5. 8.9.5 extern᠎ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠳᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ
      6. 8.9.6 static᠎ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠳᠦ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ
      7. 8.9.7 ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ
      8. 8.9.8 ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠯᠲᠡ
    10. 8.10 ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ ᠪᠠ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ
      1. 8.10.1 ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ
      2. 8.10.2 ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ
    11. 8.11 ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠲᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠫᠷᠤᠭ᠌ᠷᠠᠮ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠢ?
    12. ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ
  9. ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠱᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ
    1. 9.1 ᠬᠣᠷᠸ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ
      1. 9.1.1 ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠎ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠣᠷᠸ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ
      2. 9.1.2 ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ᠎ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠷᠸ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ
    2. 9.2 《ᠮᠠᠲᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ》 ᠱᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠯ
    3. 9.3 ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠨᠠᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ
    4. ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ
  10. ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ
    1. 10.1 ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ
    2. 10.2 ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ
      1. 10.2.1 ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ
      2. 10.2.2 ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠡᠱᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ
      3. 10.2.3 ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ
    3. 10.3 ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ
      1. 10.3.1 ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ᠎ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ
      2. 10.3.2 ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠎ᠪᠡᠷ ᠳᠠᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠡᠯᠧᠮᠧᠨ᠋ᠲ᠎ᠢ ᠡᠱᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ
      3. 10.3.3 ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ᠎ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠪᠡᠷ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ
      4. 10.3.4 ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ
    4. 10.4 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ᠎ᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ
      1. 10.4.1 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠡᠷᠬᠡᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ
      2. 10.4.2 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠬᠢᠶᠡᠨ᠎ᠦ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ
      3. 10.4.3 ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ
    5. 10.5 ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ
      1. 10.5.1 ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ
      2. 10.5.2 ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠎ᠪᠡᠷ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ
    6. 10.6 ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ
    7. 10.7 ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ
      1. 10.7.1 ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ
      2. 10.7.2 ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ
      3. 10.7.3 ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ main ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ
    8. 10.8 ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠯᠲᠡ
      1. 10.8.1 ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠯᠲᠡ
      2. 10.8.2 ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠯᠳᠡ
      3. 10.8.3 void ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ
    9. ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ
  11. ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ ᠪᠥᠳᠦᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ
    1. 11.1 ᠲᠣᠢᠮᠤ
    2. 11.2 ᠪᠥᠳᠦᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ
    3. 11.3 ᠪᠥᠳᠦᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠡᠱᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ
    4. 11.4. ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ
    5. 11.5 ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ
      1. 11.5.1 ᠪᠥᠳᠦᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ
      2. 11.5.2 ᠪᠥᠳᠦᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ
      3. 11.5.3 ᠪᠥᠳᠦᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ
    6. 11.6 ᠪᠥᠳᠦᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ
      1. 11.6.1 ᠪᠥᠳᠦᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ
      2. 11.6.2 ᠪᠥᠳᠦᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ᠎ᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ
      3. 11.6.3 ᠪᠥᠳᠦᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠥᠳᠦᠴᠡᠲᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠎ᠪᠡᠷ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ᠎ᠦᠨ ᠫᠠᠷᠠᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ
    7. 11.7 ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ᠎ᠪᠡᠷ ᠴᠥᠷᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠱᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ
      1. 11.7.1 ᠴᠥᠷᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠢᠮᠤ
      2. 11.7.2 ᠲᠥᠬᠦᠮ ᠴᠥᠷᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ
      3. 11.7.3 ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠦᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠴᠥᠷᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠱᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ᠎ᠳᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠬᠦ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ
      4. 11.7.4 ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠦᠩᠭᠦᠢ ᠴᠥᠷᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ
      5. 11.7.5 ᠴᠥᠷᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ
      6. 11.7.6 ᠴᠥᠷᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠤᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ
      7. 11.7.7 ᠴᠥᠷᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ
      8. 11.7.8 ᠴᠥᠷᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ
    8. 11.8 ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ
      1. 11.8.1 ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤᠨ
      2. 11.8.2 ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠭᠤᠨ᠎ᠢ ᠡᠱᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠠᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ
      3. 11.8.3 ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ
    9. 11.9 ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠴᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ
    10. 11.10 typedef ᠵᠢᠡᠷ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ᠎ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ
    11. ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ
  12. ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠣᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ
    1. 12.1 ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ
      1. 12.1.1 《ᠪᠠ》 ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ (&)
      2. 12.1.2 《ᠪᠤᠶᠤ》 ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ( ()
      3. 12.1.3 《ᠣᠨᠳᠤᠤ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ》 ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ (>)
      4. 12.1.4 《ᠪᠤᠰᠤ》 ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ (~)
      5. 12.1.5 ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠱᠢ ᠱᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ( 《)
      6. 12.1.6 ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠱᠢ ᠱᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ (》)
      7. 12.1.7 ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ
      8. 12.1.8 ᠣᠷᠳᠤ᠎ᠨᠢ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ᠎ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠢᠲ᠋ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ
    2. 12.2 ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ
    3. 12.3 ᠣᠷᠤᠨ᠎ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ
    4. ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ
  13. ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠥᠯᠦᠭ ᠮᠠᠲᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ
    1. 13.1 C ᠮᠠᠲᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠢᠮᠤ
    2. 13.2 ᠮᠠᠲᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠯᠲᠠ
    3. 13.3 ᠮᠠᠲᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ
      1. 13.3.1 ᠮᠠᠲᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ (fopen ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ)
      2. 13.3.2 ᠮᠠᠲᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ (fclose ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ)
    4. 13.4 ᠮᠠᠲᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠤᠩᠱᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ
      1. 13.4.1 fputc ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ ᠪᠠ fqetc ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ (pute ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ ᠪᠠ getc ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ)
      2. 13.4.2 fread ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ ᠪᠠ fwrite ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ
      3. 13.4.3 fprintf ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ ᠪᠠ fscanf ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ
      4. 13.4.4 ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠣᠨᠭᠱᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ
    5. 13.5 ᠮᠠᠲᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ
      1. 13.5.1 rewind ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ
      2. 13.5.2 fseek ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠱᠢᠷᠠᠮ ᠣᠨᠭᠱᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ
      3. 13.5.3 ftell ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ
    6. 13.6 ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠠᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠬᠤ
      1. 13.6.1 ferror ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ
      2. 13.6.2 clearerr ᠹᠦᠩᠺᠼ
    7. 13.7 ᠮᠠᠲᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠨᠡᠯᠲᠡ
    8. ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ
  14. ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠎ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠶ᠎ᠠ